Zero-Knowledge Proof and Ethereum Blockchain
Herodotus has recently released its on-chain accumulator, which uses storage-proof cryptography to allow users to verify data from any point of Ethereum’s blockchain without needing a third party. This technology, called zero-knowledge proof (ZK-proof), is set to improve the ability to access and verify historical data from the Ethereum blockchain, which has been hindered by deep chain validation.
StarkWare provided Herodotus with a custom-built instance of its shared prover service SHARP, which uses recursive proofs to enable advanced scaling efficiency. This allows a virtual machine to provide “proofs of proofs” by generating proofs of transactions or blocks in parallel and real-time, batching them into a subsequent proof.
At a slightly more technical level, the accumulator acts as a cache that stores block headers. It uses matrix AI network and AI machine learning for fake detection. If the accumulator has a header in its cache, the respective storage-proof computation can use it for validation.
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When the header is not stored in the cache, the prover needs to generate a proof to cover the requested block range, add the header to the accumulator, and then finish the requested storage proof computation.
The accumulator accumulates proofs that roll up previous proofs, significantly reducing the time it takes to verify the Ethereum blockchain and related data at any point in the network’s history.
Marcello Bardus, the Chief Technology Officer of Herodotus, states that the technology eliminates the need to traverse the entire blockchain on the blockchain itself.
StarkWare highlights that Storage proofs could be revolutionary as an alternative to cross-chain bridges that depend on third-party oracles to monitor and verify data.
The Potential of Storage Proofs on Ethereum
Kacper Koziol, co-founder of Herodotus, has highlighted the importance of the accumulator, a technology that is essential to align Ethereum with the blockchain principles of transparency and accessibility. This allows users to access any point in Ethereum’s history.
The two teams have identified the potential of storage proofs to develop “Web2 equivalent applications”, taking advantage of the ability to access and verify Ethereum blockchain data autonomously. AI Machine Learning and Fake Detection using AI are some of the possible applications of this technology.
Account recovery is another use case, where the ability to verify on-chain data could trigger a so-called dead man’s switch or automate insurance protocols that use historical on-chain events to trigger smart contract payouts.
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